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CCPR/C/BWA/CO/1, para. 13.
Mojica v. Dominican Republic (CCPR/C/51/D/449/1991), para. 5.4; Guezout et al. v. Algeria
(CCPR/C/105/D/1753/2008), paras. 8.4 and 8.7.
Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 35, para. 58.
Bousroual v. Algeria (CCPR/C/86/D/992/2001), para. 9.2; Katwal v. Nepal
(CCPR/C/113/D/2000/2010), para. 11.3.
El Boathi v. Algeria (CCPR/C/119/D/2259/2013), para. 7.5.
Human Rights Committee, Herrera Rubio v. Colombia, communication No. 161/1983, para. 10.3;
general comment No. 6, para. 4.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, art. 24.
Prutina et al. v. Bosnia and Herzegovina (CCPR/C/107/D/1917/2009,1918/2009,1925/2009 and
1953/2010), para. 9.6.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, art. 24.
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Prosecutor v. Ruggiu (case No. ICTR-97-32-1), Trial
Chamber, judgment of 1 June 2000, para. 22.
See Human Rights Committee, general comments No. 17 (1989) on the rights of the child, para. 1,
and No. 32, paras. 42–44; Prutina et al. v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, para. 9.8.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, art. 3 (1).
Ibid., art. 6 (2).
Ibid., art. 3 (2).
CCPR/C/79/Add.81, para. 15.
CCPR/C/IRN/CO/3, para. 10.
CCPR/CO/72/NET, para. 6.
Whelan v. Ireland (CCPR/C/119/D/2425/2014), para. 7.12.
E/C.12/COD/CO/4, para. 19.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Yakye Axa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay, para. 175.
CCPR/C/USA/CO/4, para. 8.
A/HRC/20/16, para. 21.
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, para. 1; Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development, principle 1; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change, preamble.
Paris Agreement, preamble.
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, principles 1–2, 11, 15 and 17–18; Convention on
Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in
Environmental Matters.
Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 31, para. 10; CCPR/C/GBR/CO/6, para. 14.
CCPR/C/USA/CO/4, para. 9.
Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, art. 16; International Court of Justice,
Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia
and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), judgment of 26 February 2007, para. 420.
CCPR/C/MLT/CO/2, para. 17; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, art. 98;
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, chap. V, regulation 10.
Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 31, para. 10; Saldías de López v. Uruguay,
communication No. R.12/52, paras. 12.1–13; Celiberti de Casariego v. Uruguay, communication No.
R.13/56, paras. 10.1–11; Domukovsky v. Georgia (CCPR/C/62/D/623/1995, 624/1995, 626/1995 and
627/1995), para. 18.2.
Human Rights Committee, general comments No. 31, para. 11, and No. 29 (2001) on derogations
from provisions of the Covenant during a state of emergency, para. 3.
Human Rights Committee, general comments No. 31, para. 11, and No. 29, paras. 3, 12 and 16.
CCPR/C/ISR/CO/3, paras. 9–10.
CCPR/C/USA/CO/4, para. 9.
The Minnesota Protocol on the Investigation of Potentially Unlawful Death (2016), paras. 20–22.
Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of
victims of international armed conflicts (Protocol I), art. 36.
A/HRC/23/47, paras. 113–114.
See Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty;
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (not yet in force); Convention on the Prohibition of the
Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on
Their Destruction; Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and
Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction.
Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 14, para. 7; Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear
Weapons, Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996 of the International Court of Justice.
CCPR/C/FRA/CO/5, para. 21.
Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 29, para. 7.