A/HRC/25/CRP.1 [English only] Contents Page I. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–5 5 II. Mandate and methodology of the commission of inquiry....................................... 6-84 5 A. Origins of the mandate ................................................................................... 6-12 5 B. Interpretation of the mandate.......................................................................... 13-20 6 C. Non-cooperation by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.................. 21-27 8 D. Methods of work............................................................................................. 28-62 10 E. Legal framework and standard of proof for reported violations ..................... 63-78 15 F. Archiving and record-keeping of testimony ................................................... 79-84 18 Historical and political context to human rights violations in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ........................................................... 85-162 19 III. IV. A. Pre-colonial history ........................................................................................ 87-89 19 B. Japanese colonial occupation (1910 to 1945) ................................................. 90-94 20 C. Division of the peninsula, the Korean War and its legacy.............................. 95-109 21 D. Imposition of the Supreme Leader (suryong) system ..................................... 110-128 27 E. Consolidation of power under the Kim dynasty ............................................. 129-157 34 F. External dynamics and the human rights situation ......................................... 158-162 43 Findings of the commission .................................................................................... 163-1021 45 A. Violations of the freedoms of thought, expression and religion ..................... 163-264 45 B. Discrimination on the basis of State-assigned social class (songbun), gender and disability....................................................................................... 265-354 74 Violations of the freedom of movement and residence, including the freedom to leave one’s own country and the prohibition of refoulement ....... 355-492 99 D. Violations of the right to food and related aspects of the right to life ............ 493-692 144 E. Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, enforced disappearance and political prison camps .............................................................................. 693-845 208 Enforced disappearance of persons from other countries, including through abduction ........................................................................... 846-1021 270 Crimes against humanity......................................................................................... 1022-1165 319 A. Definition of crimes against humanity under international law...................... 1026-1032 320 B. Crimes against humanity in political prison camps ........................................ 1033-1067 323 C. Crimes against humanity in the ordinary prison system................................. 1068-1086 330 D. Crimes against humanity targeting religious believers and others considered to introduce subversive influences.................................................................. 1087-1097 333 C. F. V. 2 Paragraphs