A/HRC/25/CRP.1 memory cards) from foreign countries. Illegal activities involving trafficking in persons and smuggling, as well as any activities related to defecting from the DPRK, also fell under the purview of this central inspection group. During this crackdown, the witness, who had been involved in smuggling CDs and tapes from China, was arrested and sent to Kyohwaso Jeongori Camp No. 12 where he was detained for six years.215 218. The crackdown on foreign movies has been reinforced again from 2010 when Kim Jong-un became the designated successor and started assuming control. Orders were reportedly handed down from the Supreme Leader ordering the security agencies to form an inter-agency task force to crack down on the smuggling of movies and also on drug trafficking.216 In January 2013, the MPS apparently issued a proclamation on behalf of the National Defence Commission that urged the population to report various types of behaviour to the security forces, including possessing “strange and decadent” goods such as recordings, videos, pictures and publications, which do not conform to the local custom, and watching and distributing foreign television shows. In October and November 2013, a string of public executions reportedly occurred targeting people mainly for watching and distributing foreign pornographic material and movies from the ROK.217 219. DVDs reportedly became available to DPRK nationals from early to mid-2000s and remain popular. More recently new media devices such as MP3 players and USB flash drives are increasingly being used to watch and listen to foreign content as well as to share information.218 In November 2013, it was reported that the “North Korean authorities are focusing on Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drives and Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD) players they believe are the primary way the recordings are being smuggled into the country.”219 220. People living along the border with China have also recently started using mobile phones of Chinese service providers to make unauthorized international telephone calls. Some offer this service to others for a fee. Although the use of illegal Chinese mobile phones and/or service providers is limited by geography and carries a high risk for those who are caught, it has been found to have a large impact on cross-border trade, efforts by separated family members in maintaining contact with each other including for purposes of arranging border crossings, and the flow of information into and out of the DPRK.220 The authorities consider the unauthorized use of foreign mobile phones to be a political crime. Department 27 has deployed sophisticated monitoring equipment to pick up the emissions of Chinese mobile phones.221 Those caught are subject to interrogation by the SSD, often under torture. Users are regularly subject to imprisonment in a labour training camp or sometimes an ordinary prison camp (kyohwaso).222 • In 2009, one witness, who was planning to flee the DPRK, was caught while calling from a mobile phone through a localization device employed by the SSD. He was stripped and searched. When the mobile phone was discovered, the agents accused him of espionage and beat him, before detaining him at the SSD Interrogation 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 TAP016. TJH004. See section IV.E. Intermedia, “A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment”, pp. 8, 16-19, 5758. “Pyongyang cracks down on ‘recordings’ from outside”, The Korea Times, 20 November 2013. Available from https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_146567.html. Intermedia, “A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment”, pp. 54-57. TJH008. See section IV.E. 61