complete the crime. The same Article is applied for planning and attempt of a crime as for its
completion. Planning of a crime shall be punished more lightly than its attempt, and an attempt
more lightly than a completed crime.
Article 21 (Criminal Liability of Partners in Crime in Criminal Organizations)
Criminal liability in relation to leaders and accomplices is imposed according to the Article
concerning the crime the organization aimed to commit, and the leader is to be punished more
severely.
Article 22 (Criminal Liability of Partners in Crime in Non-Organized Crime)
Criminal liability for abettors and accessories in crimes involving partners in crime which are not
organized crime is imposed in accordance with the Article that applies to the principal offender.
The abettor shall be punished equally or more heavily than the principal offender, and
accessories will be punished more lightly than the principal offender.
Article 23 (Criminal Liability for Partners in Crime to Crimes which Require Special
Status)
In relation to crimes requiring a principal offender to have a special status, if the principal
offender conspires to commit a crime with a person who does not have the special status
required, criminal liability shall be imposed for other principal offenders, abettors and
accessories without that special status who are also partners in crime.
Article 24 (Criminal Liability for Those who Harbour an Offender)
Criminal liability in relation to those who were not involved at the commission of the crime and
hid the criminal or the evidence of the crime is only imposed in cases provided for under this
law.
Article 25 (Criminal Liability for Those who Fail to Report a Crime)
Criminal liability in relation to those who knew that a crime was being planned or has been
committed and failed to report to the relevant institution is only imposed in cases provided for
under this law.
Article 26 (Criminal Liability for Those who Fail to Prevent a Crime)
Criminal liability in relation to those who fail to prevent a crime despite being able to prevent, or
take steps to prevent, an urgent situation and cause grave consequences to arise is only imposed
in cases provided for under this law.
SECTION 2. PUNISHMENTS
Article 27 (Types of Penalties)