CONCLUSIONS The findings in this report demonstrate that arbitrary arrest and detention; torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment; and the denial of fundamental religious freedom rights have been perpetrated against religious and belief adherents by organs of the North Korean government. These violations, which were documented as occurring as recently as 2020, are seemingly designed to remove all traces of Christianity and to repress and reduce the influence of Shamanism in society. The campaign to exterminate all Christian adherents and institutions in North Korea has been brutally effective, and continues through the work of the Ministry of State Security, networks of informants that stretch into China, the presence of ‘no-exit’ political prison camps, executions, and an educational and organizational system that deters adherence through schools, workplaces, and neighborhoods. Under Kim Jong Un, the impact of discrimination and persecution against Shamanism has increased. We have documented increased violations against Shamanic adherents based upon directives issued by Kim Jong Un, and we note that many forms of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment have been experienced by Shamanic and Christian adherents alike. The scale and severity of the documented violations surpass a state neglecting its duty to respect, protect, and fulfill its obligations under international law. Rather, we have documented a situation where the Workers’ Party of Korea enforces the absolute denial of religious belief through the active mobilization of the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of People’s Security, the Prosecutor’s Office, and multiple organizational units, among other mechanisms, that govern the daily lives of citizens. The effectiveness and scale of this persecution discloses the significant financial, organizational, and human resources that the North Korean government devotes to maintaining the supremacy of its political ideology and the Kim family. This reality and the centralization of religious and belief persecution offers opportunities for the international community to pursue justice, accountability, and behavior modification where persons and organizations responsible for documented religious freedom violations can be identified. Organized Persecution: Documenting Religious Freedom Violations in North Korea 27