Organizational Structure of Religious Freedom Violations The directive warns that “youth must take this [case] to heart, using their discerning class-consciousness to recognize and confront the anti-socialist and un-socialist phenomena that occur around them. They must fight strongly with anyone engaging in such acts, whoever their parents are, whatever family they are from, whatever past achievements they have had. They must thoroughly exterminate all kinds of hostile acts that are opposed to socialism.” Figure 2. Excerpt from a Youth League Manual for Member Education (2020 edition). The highlighted text states that “youth should strictly follow this directive” and they “must use sharp class-consciousness to detect and confront the anti-socialist and un-socialist activities that occur around them […] maintain a strict struggle against everyone who opposes socialism regardless of the offender’s family ties, household environment, or past contributions to the republic. Youth should eradicate all antisocialist activities at their germination stage.” Source: Korea Future, 2021, www.koreafuture.org Figure 1. Excerpt from a Youth League Manual for Member Education (2020 edition). The highlighted text states that “the reason that the enemy target the youth is to make them ideologically sick, make them grow apart from the embrace of our Party, and become traitors to the revolution. Look at what happened in a city near the border regions, how the ideological cultural infiltration of the enemy makes youth into enemies of socialism […] After the man could see that the woman was reciting the religious doctrines as well as a parrot, he showed her a reactionary film that was heavily tainted by religion and taught her religious songs. He also gave her lavish gifts and bundles of cash that had a stench. The woman turned into a complete minion of the enemy […]” Source: Korea Future, 2021, www.koreafuture.org This system of absolute oversight creates a reporting network whereby all citizens in North Korea effectively come under the oversight of the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea through a regional committee, whether one is studying at a college or working as a security official. In turn, this system actively reinforces the denial of religious freedom at the most granular level of every citizen’s daily life. This is evidenced by organizational units serving as the primary conduit for delivery of Workers’ Party of Korea lectures and directives, whether it is a residential unit or a unit of security officials. Organized Persecution: Documenting Religious Freedom Violations in North Korea 9