A/HRC/25/CRP.1 names of criminals are released along with their places of residence so that others are alerted and also deterred from committing the same crime.171 • Ms Jeong Jin-hwa worked as a newspaper reader for the radio system on the trains. While some private transport services have recently emerged, rail remains the main mode of public transport for long distances in the DPRK. As such, it provides an excellent opportunity for indoctrination. As a reader on these trains, Ms Jeong was given specific instructions from Pyongyang on which specific articles from the Rodong Sinmun (the official newspaper of the Workers’ Party of Korea) she had to read. In addition, to reading these articles live over the train radio system, she was also sent cassette tapes (later compact discs) containing news and other pre-recorded items from the Party Propaganda Department in Pyongyang to be played on the train radio system. 172 She stated: “And it seems that the Workers’ Party papers that I read now are the same as the papers I read 20 years ago. On the first page and on the second page they deal with political issues about what’s happening with the Kim family, that’s dealt with in section 1 and section 2. Section 3 and section 4 of the paper talk about the development, about the economies and about some of the issues related to residents of North Korea. And section 5 and section 6 deal with other countries, such as South Korea and the United States. And so what’s dealt with in the paper, that is the newspaper, is the same right now as it was 20 years ago.”173 195. Readers are specifically trained at the Office of Speaking Guidance in the Workers’ Party of Korea on how to read the articles. There is a manual on how to speak and enunciate. For example, when saying the name of the Great Leader or the Dear Leader, there is a special slow and high pitch that had to be used to convey admiration and endearment. On the other hand, when speaking about the Americans or the South Koreans, a pitch that is grating is used. The words are chewed in order to convey hostility and hatred. On every train, there was a political agent whose job was to not only monitor the passengers but also the train crew including the radio news readers. A reader could get into trouble for mispronouncing or stumbling over the names of the Great or the Dear Leader. When the electricity current on the train got too low, the tape recording would become distorted. On these occasions, the reader had to quickly take out the cassette to prevent the names of the Leaders from being broadcast in a distorted and therefore unacceptable way. 196. The people of the DPRK are taught from young to revere the Kim family and to internalize the state ideology as their own thoughts and conscience. The Commission finds that throughout the lives of the DPRK citizens, whether at work or outside of it, the activities of citizens are regulated and closely monitored by the state. The individual has no option but to participate in state-directed associations and activities; as otherwise, one’s record would be tainted and opportunity for upward mobility would be impeded. 2. Control of information through tightly controlled State media and prohibition of any external information, including non-political information 197. Summing up the impressions that numerous persons who fled the DPRK conveyed to the Commission, one witness emphatically stated : “You are brainwashed … don’t know the life outside. You are brainwashed from the time you know how to talk, about 4 years of age, from nursery 171 172 173 54 TAP009. Seoul Public Hearing, 22 August 2013, afternoon (with additional details provided by the witness in a confidential interview). Seoul Public Hearing, 22 August 2013, afternoon (00:10:48).